New Horizons for Learning: Teaching and Learning Strategies

Design of Learning Environments

Literature Review

by Jennifer Yee and Dan Carlson

Case Studies and Implemented Programs

Building New Schools
Genevro, Rosalie. New York City School Designs: A Project of the Architectural League of New York and the Public Education Association. New Schools for New York. Teachers College Record; v92 n2 p248-71 Win 1990
Abstract: Describes the 1989-90 "New Schools for New York" architectural study project which asked architects to create schools (via renovation or new construction) embodying flexibility, security, warmth, cost efficiency, and respect for students and teachers as individuals. The specific architectural challenges at each of the six selected sites are discussed.

Renovating Schools
Kendrick, William M. Building Excellence : Seattle Public Schools Capital Improvement Program : Superintendent's Final Recommendation. 1993

Multiple Uses for School Buildings
Lake Washington School District No. 414. Lake Washington School District Long Range School Facility Plan. 1977 Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen Government Pub Stacks Washington. LB3218.W3 L34 1977

Renovating and New Schools
MAKERS (Architectural Firm). Joint Use in Seattle Public Schools
Abstract: Case study of University Heights School in Seattle, WA. Prepared for City of Seattle by MAKERS. Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen. Architecture. LB3222.5 .M24 1977
Seattle Public Schools. CRSS/TRA assessments for the Seattle Public Schools Building Excellence Capital Improvement Program: school additions.
Abstract: "This is a school specific report for school additions."

Physical Design

Architectural Design and Criteria
Arter, Judith A.Assessing school and classroom climate : A consumer's guide.1987. Library Loc: Suzzallo General Stacks
LB1049.5 .A78 1987

Renovation, Classroom and School Building Design

Bleke, Bert R. When California-Dreamin' Design Turns Nightmarish, Renovation Saves the Day. American School Board Journal; v175 n6 p35-37 Jun 1988
Abstract: Describes how a Michigan school district transformed several free-standing, "warm-weather" high school buildings into clustered areas connected by enclosed corridors. Space is now grouped by instructional area or the use of related equipment, and the building shell is tight and energy-efficient. (MLH)
Brubaker, C. William. These 21 Trends Will Shape the Future of School Design. American School Board Journal; v175 n4 p31-33,66 Apr 1988.
Abstract: Describes 21 design trends that will shape the future look of schools. Eventually a new kind of school architecture incorporating both high-tech and postmodern components will evolve. A sidebar cites 10 reasons why direct cost comparison for school construction can rarely be justified.(MLF)
Goldberg, Bruce, Ed. Redesigning Schools: Architecture and School Restructuring. Radius; v3 n1 Apr-May 1991.
Abstract: School architecture should be redesigned to match the vision for overall school restructuring. After explaining the need for improving educational facilities, this document describes the role of environmental variables in motivating and assessing improved student performance. The relationships between the environment and social attitudes and between the environment and future demographic, safety, and health concerns are mentioned and restructuring is defined as both product and process. Next, the conventional design process, in which the architect is the primary designer, is compared with the collaborative design process that involves educators, administrators, and community members in the building design. The "interactive environment," "learning community," and "activity appropriate environment" are described as constructs that need architectural expression. Three successful collaborative design projects are described:

The design of the Saturn School in St. Paul, MN

the physical redesigning of Hammond Public Schools in Indiana; and

the Saturn Project in Florida that led to the construction of 49 new schools.
Last, questions regarding the process, design, implementation, and evaluation of school construction that fits restructuring visions are addressed. Included are 13 contacts for information on redesigning schools and 3 pictorial examples of school architectural precedents. (20 references) (CLA)

Behavior, Stress

Conners, Dennis A. The School Environment: A Link to Understanding Stress. Theory into Practice; v22 n1 p15-20 Win 1983
Abstract: Research dealing with the design of the school physical environment and its effect on stress in students and teachers is examined. The design of both the school's overall environment and the individual classroom unit may affect student and teacher attitudes and student achievement. (PP)

School District Finances

Kowalski, Theodore J. Planning and Managing School Facilities. Bibliography. 1989. Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen. LB3218.A1 K638 1989
School District Finances: Capital and Operating
MacKenzie, Donald G.Planning Educational Facilities Index. 1989. Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen. LB3218.A1 M18 1989

School Environment and Learning

Environment and Learning
Green, Richard, et al. Challenges to Urban Education: Results in the Making. A Report of the Council of the Great City Schools.1987.
Abstract: Without massive public intervention centering on the public schools, America will have a permanent underclass. This report of the Council of Great City Schools analyzes existing reports on educational reform and provides recommendations for improving urban schools.

Aesthetics, Program Development and Motivation
Colven, Ronald. The Quality of the Physical Environment of the School and the Quality of Education. Conclusions of a Seminar Lidingo, Sweden, 17-21 October 1988.
Abstract: Proceedings of a meeting of representatives from 13 countries on the effect of the physical environment on educational quality are summarized. Three major issues are addressed:

the effect of the physical environment on education
successful school building characteristics; and
what can be done to maintain and improve the quality of existing buildings.

Multiculturalism

Fyfe, Alec and Peter Figueroa, eds. Education for Cultural Diversity : The challenge for a new year. 1993.
Abstract: Articles focus on multicultural issues in Great Britain. Library Loc.: Suzzallo General Stacks LC1099.5.G7 E39 1993
Kendall, Frances E. Diversity in the classroom : a multicultural approach to the education of young children. 1983. Series Info.: Early childhood education series. Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen. LC1099 .K46 1983
Lynch, James, Celia Modgil, and Sohan Modgil. Prejudice: Polemic or Progress? 1992. Series Info: Cultural Diversity and the Schools. Bibliography, Index.
Saracho, Olivia N. and Bernard Spodek. Understanding the multicultural experience in early childhood education. 1983. Bibliography.
Stage, Frances K. and Kathleen Manning. Enhancing the multicultural campus environment : a cultural brokering approach. 1992. Bibliography, Index.

Motivation, Overcrowding

Herman, Joan L. Novel Approaches to Relieve Overcrowding: The Effects of Concept 6 Year-Round Schools. Urban Education; v26 n2 p195-213 Jul 1991
Abstract: The effects and educational equity of an innovative year-round school plan, the Concept 6 calendar, were studied in 23 urban elementary schools and 2 matched comparison schools.
Heubach, Janet Gail. The effects of school setting : visual space attributes, and behavior on eighth grade students' evaluations of the appropriateness of privacy-related school situations. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1984. Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen. LA 7 Th31740

School Programs and Physical Design

Desegregation

Rossell, Christine H. The Carrot or the Stick for School Desegregation Policy: Magnet schools or forced busing. 1990. Bibliography.

Teacher Role

Role in Physical Design

Gehrke, Nathalie J., et al. An Analysis of Teachers' Perceptions of Their School Environment. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (Houston, TX, February 17-20, 1982).
Abstract: The relationships between schools' physical environments and the teachers who work in them. School teachers were interviewed about their orientation toward and operation in their schools. The teachers varied in their level of awareness or sensitivity to the school environment, its effect on them, and their perception of control over it.

About the authors:

This document contains abstracts and information on the physical location of articles on design of learning environments. Produced by UW student Jennifer Yee and Dan Carlson, a researcher from the University of Washington's Institute for Public Policy and Management.

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